![]() Calvino’s stories were chosen because of the radical difference between the alethic limits of their storyworlds and our real world. This paper studies the cognitive semantics’ concepts of grounding (Coulson & Oakley 2005) and grounding levels (multi-level grounded semantics – Antović 2016, 2017) as an alternative in studying humorous aspects in chosen short stories from Italo Calvino’s Cosmicomics collection. Recently this approach has been used to design the 2017 Streamlined System for the Romanization of Russian aimed at replacing the plethora of systems currently occurring in the non-academic practice of transliteration of Russian Cyrillic. This ‘streamlined approach’ has been successfully tested in the case of Bulgarian lamguage, with the 1995 Streamlined System for the Romanization of Bulgarian becoming established in Bulgaria (eventually codified in a 2009 law), and adopted also by UN in 2012, and for official US and UK use by BGN and PCGN in 2013. A comparison is made with Interspel, a system developed by Valerie Yule that attempts to maximize the advantages and remove the disadvantages of traditional spelling of English, to benefit learners, users and international communication.Īpart from respelling of English, the Basic Roman could also be used as the target spelling of a universal algorithm for the designing of superior, user-friendly Romanization systems transliterating or transcribing a variety of languages. This has been developed by Lyubomir Ivanov, who introduces here a new construction from scratch for that system, and proposes a closely related Roman phonetic alphabet to be used for the pronunciation respelling of English without special characters or diacritics. The present work describes the underlying principles of the 2002 Basic Roman Spelling of English aimed at providing an alternative English orthography for international usage.
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